'Abdu'l-Baha's Treatise on Civilisation, known among the Baha'is as The Secret of Divine Civilisation, is one of the most interesting pieces of Baha'i literature, Although Baha'is consider it to belong to the corpus of sacred scripture of their religion, the author conceives the text as a contribution to the reformist discourse in the late 19th cen...
This paper discusses two theological responses to Western modernity in 19th century Middle East. It presents the responses that are given by Baha'u'llah (1817-1892) and Muhammad 'Abduh (1849-1905). 'Abduh is undoubtedly one of the most influential thinkers of modern Islam. Being the disciple of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and the teacher of Rashid Rida...
